AM и PM: называем время на английском языке
Ни один день не обходится без того, чтобы мы взглянули на часы, назвали или спросили время. Из этой статьи вы узнаете, как называть время на английском языке, как расшифровывается AM и PM, и что такое «military time».
Содержание:
Основные английские слова на тему «Время»
| Second | Секунда |
| Minute | Минута |
| Hour | Час |
| Half an hour | Полчаса |
| Quarter | Четверть часа |
| Morning | Утро |
| Afternoon | День (время суток) |
| Evening | Вечер |
| Night | Ночь (вечер) |
| Midday, noon | Полдень |
| Midnight | Полночь |
| Day | День (отрезок времени) |
| Twenty four hours | Сутки |
| Clock | Часы (настенные) |
| Watch | Часы (наручные) |
Пройдите тест на уровень английского:
Что такое AM и PM?
В английском языке сутки четко делятся на два периода: AM и PM.
Эти аббревиатуры – не английские, а латинские, они расшифровываются как ante meridiem (до полудня) и post meridiem (после полудня). Называя время, часто добавляют эти две аббревиатуры, чтобы было понятно, о каком времени суток идет речь.
Простой способ назвать время на английском
По-русски мы можем называть время просто двумя числами без всяких «без двадцати», «половина», «без четверти» и проч. Такой же способ есть в английском.
Если указан точный час без минут, то называется этот час + «o’clock».
В речи предложения с указанием времени строятся с формальным подлежащим it. По правилам грамматики в предложении обязательно должно быть подлежащее — it формально выполняет эту роль.
У нас часто можно услышать не «шесть вечера», а «восемнадцать часов», в Америке 24-часовой формат времени в быту практически не используется, им пользуются в основном полицейские, военные, техники и люди прочих профессий, в которых важна точность. Такое обозначение времени называют military time – «военное время». Кстати, как бы вы сказали по английски 17:00? Вовсе не seventeen o’clock или seventeen zero zero. Правильно будет seventeen hundred – буквально, «семнадцать сотен».
Называем время на английском языке по часам
Другой, более употребительный, способ назвать время — с помощью выражений типа «половина пятого» вместо «четыре тридцать», «без четверти два» вместо «час сорок пять» и т. д.
Как это делается, подробно представлено на картинке:
Точное время называем без хитростей: It’s … o’clock:
Время с 30 минутами называем с помощью half past (букв.: половина после):
Время с 15 минутами называем с помощью a quarter past (четверть после) или «a quarter to» (без четверти):
Все остальные варианты времени указываем с помощью to (без) или past (после).
Другие полезные слова и выражения на тему «Время»
Одна из трудностей, связанных с темой времени в английском языке, — правильное употребление предлогов в разных выражениях. Упоминания времени в разговорах далеко не ограничиваются фразами типа «Сейчас половина пятого». У начинающих путаница часто возникает в выражениях «через час» (in an hour), «в девять часов» (at nine o’clock) и т. п.
С предлогами времени вы можете ознакомиться в этой подборке, также ниже я привожу некоторые шаблонные выражения, которые могут быть вам полезны.
Military Time
Смотреть что такое «Military Time» в других словарях:
military time — noun : time measured in hours numbered to twenty four (as 0100, 0800, 1600, 2300) from one midnight to the next compare time illustration … Useful english dictionary
military time — noun Date: 1955 time measured in hours numbered to twenty four (as 0100 or 2300) from one midnight to the next … New Collegiate Dictionary
military time — noun The 24 hour clock … Wiktionary
List of military time zones — This is a list of time zone names based on the NATO phonetic alphabet as used by the U.S. military and others. The letter J ( Juliet ) is used to indicate the observer s local time. The Military TimeZones are described in RFC 2822 (April 2001),… … Wikipedia
time interval — Duration of a segment of time without reference to when the time interval begins or ends. Time intervals may be given in seconds of time or fractions thereof … Military dictionary
time-phased force and deployment data — The Joint Operation Planning and Execution System database portion of an operation plan; it contains time phased force data, non unitrelated cargo and personnel data, and movement data for the operation plan, including the following: a. In place… … Military dictionary
time-phased force and deployment data refinement — For both global and regional operation plan development, the process consists of several discrete phases time phased force and deployment data (TPFDD) that may be conducted sequentially or concurrently, in whole or in part. These phases are… … Military dictionary
time-phased force and deployment list — Appendix 1 to Annex A of the operation plan. It identifies types and/or actual units required to support the operation plan and indicates origin and ports of debarkation or ocean area. It may also be generated as a computer listing from the time… … Military dictionary
Military Sealift Command-controlled ships — Those ships assigned by the Military Sealift Command (MSC) for a specific operation. They may be MSC nucleus fleet ships, contract operated MSC ships, MSC controlled time or voyage chartered commercial ships, or MSC controlled ships allocated by… … Military dictionary
time and frequency standard — A reference value of time and time interval. Standards of time and frequency are determined by astronomical observations and by the operation of atomic clocks and other advanced timekeeping instruments. They are disseminated by transport of… … Military dictionary
military time
1 military time
2 Military Time
3 military time
4 military time
См. также в других словарях:
military time — noun : time measured in hours numbered to twenty four (as 0100, 0800, 1600, 2300) from one midnight to the next compare time illustration … Useful english dictionary
military time — noun Date: 1955 time measured in hours numbered to twenty four (as 0100 or 2300) from one midnight to the next … New Collegiate Dictionary
military time — noun The 24 hour clock … Wiktionary
List of military time zones — This is a list of time zone names based on the NATO phonetic alphabet as used by the U.S. military and others. The letter J ( Juliet ) is used to indicate the observer s local time. The Military TimeZones are described in RFC 2822 (April 2001),… … Wikipedia
time interval — Duration of a segment of time without reference to when the time interval begins or ends. Time intervals may be given in seconds of time or fractions thereof … Military dictionary
time-phased force and deployment data — The Joint Operation Planning and Execution System database portion of an operation plan; it contains time phased force data, non unitrelated cargo and personnel data, and movement data for the operation plan, including the following: a. In place… … Military dictionary
time-phased force and deployment data refinement — For both global and regional operation plan development, the process consists of several discrete phases time phased force and deployment data (TPFDD) that may be conducted sequentially or concurrently, in whole or in part. These phases are… … Military dictionary
time-phased force and deployment list — Appendix 1 to Annex A of the operation plan. It identifies types and/or actual units required to support the operation plan and indicates origin and ports of debarkation or ocean area. It may also be generated as a computer listing from the time… … Military dictionary
Military Sealift Command-controlled ships — Those ships assigned by the Military Sealift Command (MSC) for a specific operation. They may be MSC nucleus fleet ships, contract operated MSC ships, MSC controlled time or voyage chartered commercial ships, or MSC controlled ships allocated by… … Military dictionary
time and frequency standard — A reference value of time and time interval. Standards of time and frequency are determined by astronomical observations and by the operation of atomic clocks and other advanced timekeeping instruments. They are disseminated by transport of… … Military dictionary
Table of Contents:
Когда вы впервые слышите, как кто-то в армии дает вам время, вам, возможно, придется сделать паузу на несколько секунд, быстро подсчитать, чтобы определить время суток. Если вы не выросли в военном домохозяйстве, вы, вероятно, не знакомы с тем, как военные показывают время. Гражданские лица обычно разбивают день на AM и PM, которые представляют собой 2–12-часовые блоки дня, обозначающие утро и день / вечер.
24-часовые часы
Для большинства повседневных дел военный персонал использует местное время в качестве ориентира. Другими словами, «доложить на работу в ноль семьсот (0700)» означает, что вы должны быть на работе в 7 часов утра по местному времени. «Командир хочет видеть вас в полторы тысячи (1500) часов», означает, что вы должны быть в кабинете командира в 3 часа дня по местному времени. При использовании местного времени, военное время учитывает переход на летнее время, если оно признано государством или страной, в которой находится база.
Назначение часовых поясов
Когда дело доходит до оперативных вопросов (таких как связь, учения, развертывание, полеты кораблей и т.д.), военные часто должны координировать свои действия с базами и персоналом, расположенными в других часовых поясах. Во избежание путаницы, в этих вопросах военные используют время в Гринвиче, Англия, которое обычно называют средним временем по Гринвичу (GMT). Тем не менее, военные США называют этот часовой пояс Время зулу и они прикрепляют суффикс «Zulu» (Z), чтобы гарантировать, что указанный часовой пояс свободен.
Например, в военном сообщении или сообщении может быть указано: «Корабль войдет в район операций (AOO) в 1300Z». Это означает, что корабль прибудет в AOO, когда в Гринвич, Англия, будет 1 час дня. Это сбивает с толку, когда вам нужно перевести на текущее время в вашем регионе. Восточное побережье США на пять часов позже среднего времени по Гринвичу. Итак, 1300Z по Гринвичу совпадает с 0800 по Восточному побережью.
Чтобы сделать это еще более запутанным, число меняется, когда Соединенные Штаты соблюдают летнее время (DST). Таким образом, вместо 5 часов позже, чем среднее время по Гринвичу, на восточном побережье США в марте (2-е воскресенье) и ноябре (1-е воскресенье) разница во времени составит шесть часов. Восточное побережье Соединенных Штатов будет обозначено буквой Q (Квебек) в летнее время.
Путаница с часовым поясом
Почему военные называют это время «зулуским временем»? Можно подумать, что мир можно разделить поровну на 24 часа в сутки. Однако из-за Международной линии дат (середина Тихого океана) фактически создано еще три зоны, и многие из этих зон расположены не на расстоянии часа (так как Солнце движется). Некоторые отстоят только от 30 до 45 минут. Но, так или иначе, система работает так, как ее используют в основном морские торговые суда и военно-морские силы мира.
Аренда самолета: время Хоббса против времени Тача
Для пилотов существуют определенные отношения любви-ненависти с измерителем Хоббса в самолете. А как насчет времени Тача?
Сколько времени нужно, чтобы найти работу?
Найдите информацию о том, что нужно, чтобы найти работу и как долго длится обычный поиск работы, а также советы по ускорению процесса.
Сколько времени от интервью до предложения о работе?
Вот информация о том, сколько времени может пройти от собеседования до получения предложения о работе, в том числе советы о том, как продолжить, если вы не получили ответа.
Military time is a synonym for the 24-hour clock notation popularly used in the United States and American English.
Why is military time used
Using 12-hour clock notation can bring ambiguity for a variety of reasons:
So, military time (also called 24 hours time) often used since its main purpose is to make an interpretation of time as precise and definite as possible.
The difference between military time and standard time
The standard time (depending on the country) is based on the 12-hour or 24-hour clock format. Standard time can also be referred to as Civilian or Regular time.
In 12-hour system, the hours are counted from 1 to 12 and this cycle repeats twice during the day. These sequences are defined by suffixes a.m. for the first one (during the morning) and p.m. for the next one (in the evening).
Military time is based on the 24-hour clock notation, which means the hours are numbered from 00 to 23
Standard and military time use exactly the same number of minutes per hour in exactly the same way. There is no need to convert minutes to hundredths and vice versa.
How military time works?
Some people are confused when they see “1535” or “0925” to refer to time. But in reality, it’s very simple. All you have to know is that two first digits stand for hours and another two digits represent minutes. From 1 a.m. until 9 a.m. it is needed to use leading zero, to keep all the numbers well organized and avoid any possibility of misinterpretation. Therefore, 1 a.m. in a military time will be 0100, 2 a.m. 0200, and so on. But what about after 12 a.m.? A 12-hour format clock will start the cycle again with the number 1 when the military time will keep going so that 1 p.m. in military time will be represented like 1300. Accordingly, 2 p.m. will be 1400 and so on, until we reach 11 p.m. (23 in military time). After 2359 (11:59 p.m.) the new day will begin with 0000 (in the 12-o’clock format it is 12:00 p.m.). If you still feel confused, take a look at the military time conversion chart.
Military time conversion
| Regular time (a.m./p.m.) | Military time | Regular time (24h) | How to say |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12:00 a.m. (Midnight) | 0000 | 00:00 | Zero hundred hours or Midnight |
| 1:00 a.m. | 0100 | 01:00 | Zero one hundred |
| 2:00 a.m. | 0200 | 02:00 | Zero two hundred |
| 3:00 a.m. | 0300 | 03:00 | Zero three hundred |
| 4:00 a.m. | 0400 | 04:00 | Zero four hundred |
| 5:00 a.m. | 0500 | 05:00 | Zero five hundred |
| 6:00 a.m. | 0600 | 06:00 | Zero six hundred |
| 7:00 a.m. | 0700 | 07:00 | Zero seven hundred |
| 8:00 a.m. | 0800 | 08:00 | Zero eight hundred |
| 9:00 a.m. | 0900 | 09:00 | Zero nine hundred |
| 10:00 a.m. | 1000 | 10:00 | Ten hundred |
| 11:00 a.m. | 1100 | 11:00 | Eleven hundred |
| 12:00 p.m. (Noon) | 1200 | 12:00 | Twelve hundred |
| 1:00 p.m. | 1300 | 13:00 | Thirteen hundred |
| 2:00 p.m. | 1400 | 14:00 | Fourteen hundred |
| 3:00 p.m. | 1500 | 15:00 | Fifteen hundred |
| 4:00 p.m. | 1600 | 16:00 | Sixteen hundred |
| 5:00 p.m. | 1700 | 17:00 | Seventeen hundred |
| 6:00 p.m. | 1800 | 18:00 | Eighteen hundred |
| 7:00 p.m. | 1900 | 19:00 | Nineteen hundred |
| 8:00 p.m. | 2000 | 20:00 | Twenty hundred |
| 9:00 p.m. | 2100 | 21:00 | Twenty-one hundred |
| 10:00 p.m. | 2200 | 22:00 | Twenty-two hundred |
| 11:00 p.m. | 2300 | 23:00 | Twenty-three hundred |
The difference between 24 hours format and military time
No hours/minutes separator is used and a letter designating the time zone is appended when writing the time (for example 0245Z). However if time expressed down to seconds, there is a colon inserted between minutes and seconds (for example 0245:59Z)
Time zones expressed in different way:
Leading zeros are always written out and are required to be spoken, so 4:35 a.m. is spoken «zero four thirty-five» (casually) or «zero four three five» (military radio), rather than «four thirty-five» or «four three five».
Military time zones are lettered and given word designations from the NATO phonetic alphabet. For example, in US Pacific Standard Time (UTC−8), which is designated time zone U, 3:00 a.m. is written «0300U» and spoken «zero three hundred Uniform».
Local time is designated as zone J or «Juliett». «0000J» («zero hundred Juliett») is midnight local time.
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is designated time zone Z or «Zulu».
Hours are always expressed as «hundred», never «thousand»; 1000 is «ten hundred» not «one thousand»; 2000 is «twenty hundred» not «two thousand».
How quickly tell military time
Some people are struggling to get used to military time or the 24-hour clock format. But it’s not as difficult as it may look at the beginning. All you have to do is to subtract 12 when the number of hours surpasses 12 because it is the moment where all complications come.
For example, 1900 or 19:00. Minutes stay the same, so all we have to do is to subtract 12 from 19 and we get 7. Very simple. And if we have minutes, it still works the same. For example, 2345 or 23:45. Ignore minutes 23(45) and subtract 12 from 23, the result is 11. Now, let’s put the minutes back and we obtain 11:45.
In military time the midnight usually is expressed as 0000 or 2400. Sometimes it is used for schedules and you could see something like “00:00 to 24:00” when an establishment is open 24 hours.
How to convert 12-clock format time into a military time
But what about transforming the 12-clock format time into a military time? In this case, we should follow the same strategy with the only difference: instead of subtracting 12, we should add it. And, please note, we should add 12 ONLY if the suffix is p.m. In case, when the suffix is a.m., everything stays the same with the only difference that if the number of hours is from 1 to 9, we’ll have to add a leaping zero in front: 7:25 a.m. will be 0745 in military time. And when the suffix is a p.m. we should add 12 to hours. For example, 5:15 p.m., 5 plus 12 gives us 17. So, the military time for 5:15 p.m. will be 1715.
The way to pronounce and write
Another important difference is a way to pronounce and to write the time in the military format. In the 24-hour clock format, we use a colon to separate minutes from hours and it looks like 16:30, 18:45, and so on. But in military time, we don’t need to use a colon to divide the digits that stand for hours from digits that represent minutes. Therefore, it looks like 1633, 1845… And for hours from 1 to 9 we need a leading zero in front, so it looks like 0125, 0720, etc.
Also, these small differences in writing are followed with a distinct way to read the time. For example, 16:30 is read as “sixteen thirty” or “half past four” when 1630 is read as “sixteen thirty”. Also, in military time, when the number is “round” and isn’t followed by any minutes, we should read hours as hundred: for example, 1700 is read as “seventeen hundred”. In the 24-hour clock format, it would be written as 17:00 and pronounced as “seventeen” or “five o’clock”.
Pretty simple, right?
But what about the leading zero? It is quite easy as well. For example, 0930 should be read as “zero nine thirty”. And if the number is “round” like 0800, we should read it as “zero eight hundred”.
The use of military time
From what we can see, the military time or 24-hour clock format is more precise and helps to avoid any misinterpretation. Who at least once hasn’t mistaken a.m. and p.m. when setting an alarm in the morning?
Because of the convenience of interpreting the time, the military format is very common around the world and widely used in a lot of industries, especially the ones that require it to be very precise.
The establishments that use military time
First of all, it is used in the military to refer to the time and when certain events are taking place.
In the same way, police are required to use the 24-hour format clock for the documents, too. It’s because this system is more efficient and helps to avoid any possible mistake or wrong misinterpretation as it can happen with the 12-hour clock format.
Furthermore, the airports also use this format for the same reasons. But to minimize possible misinterpretation even more, they would avoid scheduling flights at midnight (12:00 p.m. or 0000) because it can mislead the passengers about the day of the flight. Is more common for the flights to be scheduled for 23:55 or even 23:59 which helps to clarify on which day the flight is.
Usage of military time around the world
Coordinated Universal Time is based on military time and uses 24-hour time notation. So this makes a military time universal around the world.
The majority of Europeans use military time because of its convenience. Although, colloquially people won’t use “at sixteen hundred” or “ at sixteen o’clock”. They still will say “at 4 o’clock” specifying whether it’s in the morning or in the evening.
Many countries from Latin America also decided to adopt this system. However, there are some countries that use both formats. Such as a majority of English speaking countries. In this case, the citizens of these countries will use the format they prefer, but official establishments such as police or healthcare are required to use the 24-hour format for all documentation and appointments.
Nowadays, military time is used all over the world. The only difference is that the United States uses an original military time when the rest of the countries will use a standard 24-hour clock format, separating hours from minutes with a colon and sometimes skipping the leading zero.
Military time zones
There are twenty-five military time zones. Each of them has a letter assigned which represents a time zone according to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The names are taken from the NATO phonetic alphabet which is commonly used in military and other authorities. However, J “Juliet” isn’t used here since it can be mistaken with “I”.
Usually, when the time is expressed in military time format, the letter that represents a certain time zone will stand at the end, for example, 1630H spoken as “sixteen thirty Hotel” or 1600G would be “sixteen hundred Golf” and so on.
The rest of the abbreviations and the time zones that they represent are shown in the chart below 3 :
As you can see from the chart shown before, Z-time corresponds to the time on the prime meridian usually mentioned as Greenwich. So, to convert this time to your local one, you need to figure out which “offset” corresponds to the zone where you live. Based on that, you will have to subtract or add the difference your zone has with the 0 meridian which depends on whether you are located “ahead” or “behind” it.
History and origins of military time
Nowadays military time is used mainly to avoid any possibility of misinterpretation time and mistaking a.m. with p.m. and vice versa. All official authorities and especially spheres that require collaboration and communication with different countries from distinct time zones will use the 24-hour clock system. But in reality, this format had appeared a long time before these institutions even existed.
Also, the first person to propose the 24-hour format clock was Sir Sandford Fleming. He worked a lot to elaborate an optimal way of timekeeping and took part in developing Coordinated Universal Time. But the situation that made him come up with the idea of the 24-hour clock notion was quite trivial. In 1876, he missed a train because the ticket contained an error: instead of a.m. there was written p.m. This situation inspired the scientist to work on a new format so this type of mistake could be avoided in the future.
Military time in pop culture nowadays
Like anything that is a part of our daily routine, military time is not an exception and has its reflection in some aspects of our lives. For example, there is even a movie called “zero-dark-thirty” which is a common slang amongst military communities. This expression, which is the base of this film, in reality means the time after midnight at 12:30 a.m. or 0030 (zero-zero-thirty) in military time.
There are even more movies that contain some references for military time. Its use is more common for stories related to military, detectives or thrillers. For example, it is often used in the new comedy TV show “Space Force” streamed on Netflix.
Also, mankind tends to laugh about everything and military time wasn’t left without the attention of internet users.
Dohrn-Van Rossum, Gerhard (1996). “History of the Hour. Clock and Modern Temporal Orders.” The University of Chicago Press. p. 114. ISBN 0226155110 ↩
Clark Blaise (2000). “Time lord : Sir Sandford Fleming and the creation of standard time”. ISBN 9780297841364 ↩
What is the difference between 12 hours format and military time?
The regular time is based on the 12-hour clock format. In this system, the hours are counted from 1 to 12 and this cycle repeats twice during the day. These sequences are defined by suffixes am. and pm.
What is the difference between 24 hours format and military time?
In the 24-hour clock format, we use a colon to separate minutes from hours and it looks like 16:30, 18:45, and so on. But in military time, we don’t need to use a colon to divide the digits that stand for hours from digits that represent minutes. Therefore, it looks like 1633, 1845… And for hours from 1 to 9 we need a leading zero in front, so it looks like 0125, 0720, etc.
Who uses military time?
Except for the military services, the aviation, law enforcement, hospitals are also using military time. The reason for that is the precision that it gives to avoid any possible mistakes.
What countries use military time?
Nowadays, military time is used all over the world. The only difference is that the United States uses an original military time when the rest of the countries will use a standard 24-hour clock format, separating hours from minutes with a colon and sometimes skipping the leading zero.
When was military time invented?
The first person to propose the 24-hour format clock was Sir Sandford Fleming. He worked a lot to elaborate an optimal way of timekeeping and took part in developing Coordinated Universal Time. But the situation that made him come up with the idea of the 24-hour clock notion was quite trivial. In 1876, he missed a train because the ticket contained an error: instead of a.m. there was written p.m. This situation inspired the scientist to work on a new format so this type of mistake could be avoided in the future.
What does zero-dark-thirty mean?
“Zero-dark-thirty” is a common slang amongst military communities. This expression, which is the base of the movie, in reality means the time after midnight at 12:30 a.m. or 0030 (zero-zero-thirty) in military time.
How to convert military time into 12-hour format?
Subtract 12 when the number of hours surpasses 12 because it is the moment where all complications come. For example, 1900 or 19:00. Minutes stay the same, so all we have to do is to subtract 12 from 19 and we get 7.
And if we have minutes, it still works the same. For example, 2345 or 23:45. Ignore minutes 23(45) and subtract 12 from 23, the result is 11. Now, let’s put the minutes back and we obtain 11:45.
How to convert 12-hour clock format time into a military time
If the suffix is pm, we should add 12. When the suffix is am, everything stays the same with the only difference that if the number of hours is from 1 to 9, we’ll have to add a leaping zero in front: 7:25 a.m. will be 0745 in military time. And when the suffix is a p.m. we should add 12 to hours. For example, 5:15 p.m., 5 plus 12 gives us 17. So, the military time for 5:15 p.m. will be 1715.
How to pronounce military time?
For example, 1630 is read as “sixteen thirty”. Also, in military time, when the number is “round” and isn’t followed by any minutes, we should read hours as hundred: for example, 1700 is read as “seventeen hundred”.
0930 should be read as “zero nine thirty”. And if the number is “round” like 0800, we should read it as “zero eight hundred”.
