Страны MENA
Перечень стран MENA
Какого-либо точного перечня стран, входящих в MENA, не существует. Всемирный Банк к таковым причисляет [5] :
Примечания
Полезное
Смотреть что такое «Страны MENA» в других словарях:
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Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
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James Chen, CMT is an expert trader, investment adviser, and global market strategist. He has authored books on technical analysis and foreign exchange trading published by John Wiley and Sons and served as a guest expert on CNBC, BloombergTV, Forbes, and Reuters among other financial media.
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What Is MENA?
MENA is an acronym for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The region is typically considered to include around 19 countries, but the definition can be stretched to include up to 24. The MENA region accounts for approximately 6% of the world’s population, according to World Atlas, along with 60% of the world’s oil reserves, and 45% of the world’s natural gas reserves. Due to the region’s substantial petroleum and natural gas reserves, MENA is an important source of global economic resources.
Key Takeaways
Understanding MENA
Many of the 14 OPEC nations are within the MENA region. While there is no standardized list of countries included in the MENA region, the term typically includes the area from Morocco in northwest Africa to Iran in southwest Asia and down to Sudan in Africa.
The following countries are often included in the MENA region: Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Palestine, and Yemen. Ethiopia, Sudan, and Western Sahara are also sometimes included.
Economic growth in the MENA region fell by 3.8% in 2020 according to the World Bank.
Key MENA Economies
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Islamic Republic of Iran
Iran is the second-largest economy in the MENA region, despite a strict sanctions regime that makes it difficult for exporters to earn foreign currency. Like Saudi Arabia, petroleum exports play a major role in the country’s economy, though it is more diversified than many other oil exporters in the Middle East.
State of Israel
Egypt
Investing in the MENA Region
With more than half of the world’s proven oil reserves, most investment opportunities in the MENA region are focused on the energy industries. There are many financial products allowing both retail and institutional investors to gain exposure to specific countries’ oil and natural gas markets, as well as ETFs that target North Africa, the Middle East, or the MENA region as a whole.
Several MENA economies are deliberately re-orienting their economies to reduce their dependence on fossil fuel exports. For example, the United Arab Emirates has a burgeoning tech sector, and Qatar is expanding into financial services.
Fast Fact
There is no specific boundary for the Middle East, North Africa, or the MENA region as a whole. Borderline cases like Turkey, Afghanistan, and Sudan may or may not be included in the MENA region.
Major Conflicts in the MENA Region
Due to the strategic importance of their oil reserves, countries in the MENA region have been affected by major local conflicts as well as interference by foreign powers. Notably, the U.S. invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan caused major disruptions in regional economic activity, while the 2011 Arab Spring protests caused a number of revolutions and civil wars, most notably in Libya and Syria, as well as what the World Bank described as «the biggest refugee crisis since World War II.»
Other major conflicts in the area include the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, ongoing wars in Yemen, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and a growing rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia.
MENA Frequently Asked Questions
What does MENA stand for?
MENA stands for the Middle East and Northern Africa, referring to the countries between Iran in the East and Tunisia and Morocco in the West.
What Countries Are in the MENA Region?
There is no clear definition of which countries are included in the MENA Region, but it is typically considered to include at least Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, Palestine, and Yemen. Ethiopia, Sudan, Malta, Somalia, Western Sahara, and Mauritania are also sometimes included.
What Are the Countries in the Middle East?
The Middle East is generally considered to include the countries on or near the Arabian Peninsula, including Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Syria, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, Lebanon, Oman, the Palestinian territories, Kuwait, Qatar, and Bahrain. Turkey, Afghanistan, and Pakistan are often grouped together with the Middle East, but they are not typically included in considerations of the MENA region.
Which Countries Make up North Africa?
The countries of Northern Africa typically include Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. This term may also be extended to include some or all of Western Sahara, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia.
What Are The MENA Countries?
The MENA region is a geographic area.
MENA is an acronym for the Middle East and North Africa region, it is popularly used by academic, economic, social and international organizations. The MENA region is sometimes known as the Arab World or the Greater Middle East. There are 19 countries generally included as part of the MENA countries. A further 16 countries are sometimes included.
Regional Background
The term “Middle East” was coined in the 19th century to refer to the transcontinental area between southwest Asia and North Africa. It was Eurocentric and commonly used by the Western World. However, the composition of countries in the Middle East remains contentious even to date. To clear the ambiguity, the World Bank and the United Nations began using the term “Middle East and North Africa” to refer to the region spanning horizontally between Iran in the east to Morocco in the west. The second Bush administration coined the word “Greater Middle East” to refer to the entire Muslim-majority nations including Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey. While MENA is inclusive of Iran, it does not include Pakistan, Turkey, or Afghanistan. The boundaries of MENA is more geographic rather than social or religious.
Countries of MENA
There are 19 countries that are generally considered part of the MENA region. These are Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. A further 16 countries are sometimes included depending on usage. These are Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Chad, Comoros, Cyprus, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Somalia, Sudan, and Turkey. The population of the region is at least 381 million or 6% of the world’s population. Egypt (94 million), Iran (80 million), and Algeria (40 million) are the most populous countries in the region.
MENA Countries by GDP
Languages of the MENA Region
The dominant language in the MENA region is Arabic. It is spoken in all the countries except in Israel where Hebrew is a dominant language. Islam is the dominant religion except in Israel where Judaism is the de facto religion.
Is Turkey a part of the MENA Region?
Turkey lies in between Europe and the Middle East. Much of the MENA region was once under the Ottoman Empire and therefore maintains close ties with Turkey. Modern Turkey is a popular destination for Arabs traveling for a holiday and investing in real estate. However, Turkey also has equally close relations with Europe and was at one point it was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. The country has a pending application to join the European Union, and if successful, it will be considered more of a European country rather than an Arab state. Turkey is considered part of the MENA region in the broader context, but it is occasionally omitted in most definitions.
