Международный морской кодекс по опасным грузам (IMDG Code)
Международный морской кодекс по опасным грузам (англ. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code) был принят Ассамблеей IMCO (ныне IMO) 27 сентября 1965 г. (Резолюция А.81(IV)) и рекомендован для использования странами, подписавшими Международную конвенцию по охране человеческой жизни на море. В течение последующих четырёх десятилетий Кодекс широко использовался как рекомендательный международный документ, направленный на обеспечение безопасности морской перевозки опасных грузов,
Поправки к главе VII “Перевозка опасных грузов” SOLAS‐74, принятые в мае 2002 г. (Резолюция MSC.122(75)), придали Кодексу статус обязательного с 1 января 2004г. В настоящее время более чем 150 стран, торговый флот которых превышает 98% от суммарного мирового тоннажа, применяют положения Кодекса в целях регулирования морской перевозки опасных грузов, что обеспечивает выполнение обязательных положений Международной конвенции по охране человеческой жизни на море (SOLAS‐74) и Международной конвенции по предотвращению загрязнения с судов (MARPOL 73/78), в частности Главы VII “Перевозка опасных грузов” SOLAS‐74 и Приложения III “Правила предотвращения загрязнения вредными веществами, перевозимыми морем в упакованном виде” MARPOL 73/78.
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code в первую очередь служит для обеспечения безопасной транспортировки опасных грузов морем, защиты экипажей судов и предотвращения загрязнения морской среды. Основные положения Кодекса базируются на “Рекомендациях ООН по перевозке опасных грузов”. В то же время в Кодексе содержатся такие важные положения в отношении специфики морской перевозки опасных грузов, как размещение и разделение опасных грузов на борту судов, действия в чрезвычайных ситуациях, перевозка загрязнителей моря и другие вопросы, связанные с обеспечением транспортной безопасности на море в целом.
Международный морской кодекс по опасным грузам выпускается в 2 изданиях и состоит из 7 разделов перечисленных ниже.
Часть 1 — Общие положения, определения и подготовка персонала
Часть 2 — Классификация
Часть 3 — Перечень опасных грузов и исключения (том 2)
Часть 4 — Положения по упаковке и цистернам
Часть 5 — Процедуры отправления
Часть 6 — Конструкция и испытание тары, контейнеров средней грузоподъемности для массовых грузов, крупногабаритной тары, съемных цистерн, многоэлементных газовых контейнеров и автоцистерн
Часть 7 — Положения, касающиеся транспортных операций
Классификация опасных грузов согласно кодексу IMDG
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The International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code
The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS), as amended, deals with various aspects of maritime safety and contains in chapter VII the mandatory provisions governing the carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form. The carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form shall comply with the relevant provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code which is considered and extension to the provisions of SOLAS chapter VII.
Furthermore, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL), which contains in its Annex III mandatory provisions for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form, prohibits the carriage of harmful substances in ships except in accordance with the provisions of MARPOL Annex III, which are also extended in the IMDG Code.
The IMDG Code was developed as an international code for the maritime transport of dangerous goods in packaged form, in order to enhance and harmonize the safe carriage of dangerous goods and to prevent pollution to the environment. The Code sets out in detail the requirements applicable to each individual substance, material or article, covering matters such as packing, container traffic and stowage, with particular reference to the segregation of incompatible substances.
The Code, was initially adopted in 1965 as a recommendatory instrument. It was in 2002 that the general Assembly at its seventeenth session adopted by resolution A.716(17) the IMDG Code, and decides to give it a mandatory status under the umbrella of SOLAS Convention, from 1 January 2004. However, some parts of the Code remain recommendatory.
Since its introduction in 1965, the IMDG Code has undergone many changes, both in appearance and content to keep pace with the ever-changing needs of industry. Amendments which do not affect the principles upon which the Code is based may be adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee alone. Thus IMO can respond to transport developments in reasonable time.
Amendments to the IMDG Code are made (E&T Group) on a two-year cycle, these are mainly originated from two sources; proposals submitted directly to IMO by Member Governments and amendments required to take account of changes to the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods which sets the basic requirements for all the transport modes.
IMDG Code Introduction
IMDG Code:
The IMDG code is a very much living document and gets amended from time to time (every 2 years). In the last decade major changes were made to Ems-emergency medical schedule, MFAG and INF codes (carriage of nuclear materials).
IMDG Code means the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee of the Organization by resolution MSC.122(75)
The objective of the IMDG Code is to enhance the safe carriage of dangerous goods while facilitating the free unrestricted movement of such goods and prevent pollution to the environment.
INTERNATIONAL MARITIME DANGEROUS GOODS CODE:
Legal status of IMDG code:
Application and implementation of IMDG Code:
The provisions of regulation II-2/19 of that Convention apply to passenger ships and to cargo ships constructed on or after 1 July 2002. For:
The aim of IMDG code is:
The contents of IMDG code:
Part – 1: General provision, definitions and training.
Part – 2: Classification.
Part – 4: Packing and tank provision.
Part – 5: Consignment procedure.
Part – 6: Construction and testing of packings intermediate bulk containers, large packing portable tanks and road tank vehicles.
Part – 7: Provision concerning transport operation.
Part – 3: Dangerous goods list and limited quantity exceptions.
The Dangerous Goods List is the central core of the IMDG Code and presents information on the transport requirements for all dangerous goods in a coded form.
Following are the supplements of IMDG code:
Classes of Dangerous Cargo are:
Class 1: Explosives
Division 1.1: substances and articles which have a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.2: substances and articles which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.3: substances and articles which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.4: substances and articles which present no significant hazard
Division 1.5: very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.6: extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard.
Class 2.1: flammable gases
Class 2.2: non-flammable, non-toxic gases
Class 2.3: toxic gases
Class 3: Flammable liquids
Class 4: Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
Class 4.1: flammable solids, self-reactive substances and solid desensitized explosives
Class 4.2: substances liable to spontaneous combustion
Class 4.3: substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases.
Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
Class 5.1: oxidizing substances
Class 5.2: organic peroxides
Class 6: Toxic and infectious substances
Class 6.1: toxic substances
Class 6.2: infectious substances
Class 7: Radioactive material
Class 8: Corrosive substances
Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles
The numerical order of the classes and divisions is not that of the degree of danger.
Class 10: Marine pollutants
Marine pollutants shall be classified in accordance with chapter 2.9.3 in IMDG Code.
The documents required for carriage of IMDG cargo are:-
Objective of IMDG Code :
Shipper’s Declaration of Dangerous Goods:
The legislation requires a declaration from the consignor (shipper) stating that the goods declared are classified and packed correctly and also a declaration from the person packing the container that it has been done so correctly, these are Dangerous Goods Declaration and the Container Packing Certificate.
These declarations may be in any format, but must be in accordance with the regulations of the IMDG code, Chapter 5.4 refers (an example is given below) Often, the Dangerous Goods Declaration is combined with the Container Packing Certificate into one document, generally known as the Multimodal Dangerous Goods Form.
These documents can also known as Dangerous Goods Note (DGN), Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD), Multimodal Dangerous Goods Form (MDGF), Shippers Declaration, and Dangerous Cargo Declaration (DCD)
The information required on the documents is as follows:
Shipper – full name and address
Consignee – full name and address
Description of goods in sequence
a) UN number (preceded by UN)
b) Proper Shipping Name including technical name (if required)
c) Primary IMO class, secondary, tertiary
Information which supplements the Proper Shipping Name in the dangerous goods description (If applicable)
In addition to the dangerous goods description the following information shall be included after the dangerous goods description on the dangerous goods transport document.
Total quantity of dangerous goods: – This includes the weight in Kilos of each substance, as well as the number and type of packaging.
Also to be included if applicable;
Statement: “Dangerous goods being transported have been packed, labeled & declared in accordance with standard international shipping regulation & IMDG code”
Segregation of Dangerous Goods:
This section has tables for following:
Note: Vertical lines represent transverse watertight bulkheads between cargo spaces.
Precautions while Loading/ Carrying/ Discharging Dangerous Goods:
Precautions to be taken if Cargo has to be carried under Fumigation:
Cargo transport units loaded without ventilation after fumigation (fumigation in transit):- When a cargo transport unit under fumigation is taken on board ship without preliminary ventilation, it shall be transported as FUMIGATED CARGO TRANSPORT UNIT, UN 3359, Class 9 in accordance with the provisions of the IMDG Code.
In addition, the ship should carry at least four sets of appropriate respiratory protective equipment, and, when the fumigated cargo transport unit is stowed on deck, appropriate gas detection equipment for the fumigant concerned, together with instructions for its use.
Dangerous Goods Manifest:-
(1) Name of vessel and official number. (If the vessel has no official number, the international radio call sign must be substituted.);
(2) Nationality of vessel;
(3) Shipping name and identification number of each hazardous material on board as listed in as listed in the IMDG Code and an emergency response telephone number.
(4) The number and description of packages (barrels, drums, cylinders, boxes, etc.) and gross weight for each type of package;
(5) Classification of the hazardous material in accordance with either:
(i) The Hazardous Materials Table, or
(6) Any additional description required.
(7) Stowage location of the hazardous material on board the vessel.
(8) In the case of a vessel used for the storage of explosives or other hazardous materials, the following additional information is required:
(i) Name and address of vessel’s owner;
(ii) Location of vessel’s mooring;
(iii) Name of person in charge of vessel;
(iv) Name and address of the owner of the cargo; and
(v) A complete record, by time intervals of one week, of all receipts and disbursements of hazardous materials. The name and address of the consignor must be shown against all receipts and the name and address of the consignee against all deliveries.
(b) The hazardous material information on the dangerous cargo manifest must be the same as the information furnished by the shipper on the shipping order or other shipping paper, except that the IMO “correct technical name” and the IMO class may be indicated on the manifest as provided in paragraphs (a)(3) and (a)(5) of this section. The person who supervises the preparation of the manifest, list, or stowage plan shall ensure that the information is correctly transcribed, and shall certify to the truth and accuracy of this information to the best of his knowledge and belief by his signature and notation of the date prepared.
(c) The carrier and its agents shall insure that the master, or a licensed deck officer designated by the master and attached to the vessel, or in the case of a barge, the person in charge of the barge, acknowledges the correctness of the dangerous cargo manifest, list or stowage plan by his signature.
(d) For barges, manned or unmanned, the requirements of this section apply except for the following:
(1) In the case of a manned barge, the person in charge of the barge shall prepare the dangerous cargo manifest.
(2) In the case of an unmanned barge, the person responsible for loading the barge is responsible for the preparation of a dangerous cargo manifest, list, or stowage plan and must designate an individual for that purpose.
(3) For all barges, manned or unmanned, the dangerous cargo manifest must be on board the barge in a readily accessible location and a copy must be furnished to the person in charge of the towing vessel.
(e) Each carrier who transports or stores hazardous materials on a vessel shall retain a copy of the dangerous cargo manifest, list, or stowage plan for at least one year, and shall make that document available for inspection.
IMDG code: Excepted Quantities:
The excepted quantity is the maximum quantity per inner and outer packaging for transporting dangerous goods as excepted quantities. The quantity limit can be found in the column 7b of the Dangerous Goods List. 7b does not directly list the max quantity per inner and outer packaging. Instead, 7b gives various E codes (E0
IMDG code: Limited Quantities:
The limited quantity is the maximum quantity per inner packaging or article for transporting dangerous goods as limited quantities. It can be found in the column 7a of Dangerous Goods List. In the example below, the limited quantity for antimony compounds is 5kg per inner packaging.
IMDG code: Compatibility Group:
Compatibility group refers to a designated alphabetical letter used to categorize different types of Class 1 explosive substances and articles for purposes of safe stowage and segregation.
Document of Compliance (SOLAS II-2/54.3) pertaining to dangerous goods:
SOLAS Chapter VII – Part A – Carriage of Dangerous Goods in Packaged Form:-
Application:-
Requirements for Carriage of Dangerous Goods:-
Documentation:-
Cargo Securing Manual:-
Reporting of Incidents involving Dangerous Goods:-
M.S. Act Sec.331:-
Explanation:-
Expression “Dangerous Goods” means goods which by reason of the nature, quantity or mode of stowage are either singly or collectively liable to endanger the life or health of persons or near the ship or to imperil the ship and includes all substances within the meaning of expression, explosion as defined in the Indian Explosive Act. 1884, and any other goods which the Central Government may be notification in the official Gazette, specify as dangerous goods.
Types of Magazines for Carriage of Explosives:
Magazine Stowage for Explosives:
Magazine Stowage Type “A”:
Magazine Stowage Type “C”:
Special Stowage:
IMDG Code: Labels / Placards:
The IMDG Code recommends a system based on labels and placards designed especially so that all who work close to this type of cargo will be able to recognize, preferably at first sight, the nature of the risks entailed by these substances, whatever their packaging might be.
Labels: –
The IMDG Code states that all packaging, packages and drums carrying dangerous goods must be labelled. The labels are in the shape of a rhombus in white, orange, blue, green or red, or a combination of these colours. Symbols illustrating the danger of the class are also required. In general, each label is divided into two parts, the bottom half and the top half. The top half is for the symbol of the class of the good(s), and the lower half is for the text, class or division number. The minimum dimensions of labels are 10 cm x 10 cm. Labels must be firmly adhered to and placed on the package so that it can easily be seen. The quality of the labels must be such so they do not deteriorate outdoors and remain unaltered during the complete transport period and at least three months in the sea. Due to the fact that dangerous goods can pose more than one risk, it is also necessary to use “secondary risk labels”. These labels are the same as the ones showing the primary risk, regarding their colour, shape and symbols. Even though the IMDG Code says nothing to this effect, in some countries the class number is only indicated in the primary risk label, and that the secondary risk label does not include the class number. This is an effective way to distinguish between both.
Placards: –
The IMDG Code determines that all “cargo transport units” containing dangerous goods must be placarded. In this context, cargo transport units are containers, containers for liquids, tank vehicles, vehicles transporting goods by land, railway wagons with water tanks, good tanks destined for intermodal transport. Placards have the same shape, colours and symbols as the labels, but their dimension is 25 x 25 cm. Containers carrying more than 4000 kilograms of dangerous goods, and all tanks for liquids and gases must have the “United Nations number”. The UN number has four digits and is the number assigned by the United Nations to all goods identified and classified as dangerous.
Hazardous Materials Warning Placards:-
*Enter Division Number 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and compatibility group letter, when required. Placard any quantity.
Explosives
*Enter compatibility group letter, when required. Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
Explosives
*Enter compatibility group letter, when required. Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
Explosives
*Enter compatibility group letter, when required. Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
OXYGEN
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more, gross weight of either compressed gas or refrigerated liquid.
FLAMMABLE GAS
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
NON-FLAMMABLE GAS
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more, gross weight.
POISON GAS
Placard any quantity 2.3 material.
FLAMMABLE
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
GASOLINE
May be used in the place of FLAMMABLE on a placard displayed on a cargo tank or a portable tank being used to transport gasoline by highway.
COMBUSTIBLE
Placard a combustible liquid when transported in bulk. see §172.504(f)(2) for use of FLAMMABLE placard in place of COMBUSTIBLE placard.
FUEL OIL
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
FLAMMABLE SOLID
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
DANGEROUS WHEN WET
Placard any quantity of Division 4.3 material.
OXIDIZER
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
ORGANIC PEROXIDE
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
POISON
Placard any quantity of 6.1, PGI, inhalation hazard only. Placard 454 kg (1,001 lbs) or more of PGI or II, other than PGI inhalation hazard.
RADIOACTIVE
Placard any quantity of packages bearing the RADIOACTIVE III label. Certain low specific activity radioactive materials in “exclusive use” will not bear the label, but RADIOACTIVE placard is required.
CORROSIVE
Placard 454 kg (1,001lbs) or more.
miscellaneous
Not required for domestic transportation. Placard 454 kg (1,000 lbs) or more gross weight of a material which presents a hazard during transport, but is not included in any other hazard class.
Placard 454 kg (1,001 lbs) gross weight of two or more categories of hazardous materials listed in Table 2. A freight container, unit load device, motor vehicle, or rail car which contain non-bulk packagings with two or more categories of hazardous materials that require placards specified in Table 2 may be placarded with a DANGEROUS placard instead of the separate placarding specified for each of the materials in table 2. However, when 2,268 kg (5,000 lbs) or more of one category of material is loaded at one facility, the placard specified in Table 2 must be applied.
Class numbers do not appear on subsidiary risk placard.
Placard empty tank cars for resident of material last contained.
Required background for placard on rail shipments of certain explosives and poisons. Also required for highway route controlled quantities of radioactive materials. (see §172.507 and 172.510).
IMDG – Hazardous Materials Warning Placards – UN or NA identification numbers IMDG code Vol1 chapter 7.2 on Segregation gives all the information on segregation.
Separated longitudinally by an intervening complete compartment or hold from: – Vertical separation alone does not meet this requirement. Between a package under deck and one on deck, a minimum distance of 24 metres, including a complete compartment, must be maintained longitudinally. For on deck stowage, this segregation means a separation by a distance of at least 24 metres longitudinally.
Hazards associated with IMDG cargo & Precautions to be taken while Loading Dangerous Goods in Packaged Form:
Dangerous goods are assigned to different classes depending on their predominant hazard. The UN classifies dangerous goods in the following classes and, where applicable, divisions:
PRECAUTIONS WHEN LOADING / UNLOADING DANGEROUS GOODS :-
Duties of Carrier & Shipper with respect to carriage of dangerous goods as per IMDG Code:
Under the IMDG (International Maritime Dangerous Goods) Code It is the onus of the shipper to determine the class of the substances according to provided criteria:-
Explosives which may be Carried on Passenger Ships:
No other explosives may be transported on passenger ships except any one of the following:
SOURCE:- IMDG Code 7.1.7.5.2 Explosives in division 1.4, compatibility group S, may be transported in any amount on passenger ships.
Measures to be taken to Ensure a Safe Stowage and Carriage of Explosives:
ISO Tanks loaded on Vessel:
Stowage categories for Explosives (Class 1) – IMDG Code 36-12
Stowage Categories for Goods other than Class 1 (Explosives)
Two closed containers requiring segregation “separated from” each other when loading vertically or horizontally they need to be segregated as shown.
IMDG Code: Subsidiary Risk Label:
IMDG code: Stowage Category
1) cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than 25 or to 1 passenger per 3 m of overall length, whichever is the greater number;
2) Other passenger ships in which the limiting number of passengers transported is exceeded.
1. Constant supervision is required; or
2. Accessibility is particularly required; or
3. There is a substantial risk of formation of explosive gas mixtures, development of highly toxic vapours, or unobserved corrosion of the ship
Below is the entry for UN 2076 Class 6.1 CRESOLS, LIQUID, you can see in column 16 it is written Category B. Substances, Materials or Articles assigned with stowage Category B can be loaded on deck or under deck on a cargo ship but on a passenger ship where limiting number of passengers are exceeded Category B must be loaded on deck only.
| Stowage category A | |
| Cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a number of Passengers limited to not more than 25 or to 1 passenger per 3 m of overall length, whichever is the greater number | ON DECK OR UNDER DECK |
| Other passenger ships in which the limiting number of passengers transported is exceeded | ON DECK OR UNDER DECK |
| Stowage category B | |
| Cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than 25 or to 1 passenger per 3 m of overall length, whichever is the greater number | ON DECK OR UNDER DECK |
| Other passenger ships in which the limiting number of passengers transported is exceeded | ON DECK ONLY |
| Stowage category C | |
| Cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than 25 or to 1 passenger per 3 m of overall length, whichever is the greater number | ON DECK ONLY |
| Other passenger ships in which the limiting number of passengers transported is exceeded | ON DECK ONLY |
| Stowage category D | |
| Cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than 25 or to 1 passenger per 3 m of overall length, whichever is the greater number | ON DECK ONLY |
| Other passenger ships in which the limiting number of passengers transported is exceeded | PROHIBITED |
| Stowage category E | |
| Cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than 25 or to 1 passenger per 3 m of overall length, whichever is the greater number | ON DECK OR UNDER DECK |
| Other passenger ships in which the limiting number of passengers transported is exceeded | PROHIBITED |
IMDG Code: Compatibility between Explosives:
Divisions of Class 1 Explosives:-
Division 1.1: substances and articles which have a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.2: substances and articles which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.3: substances and articles which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.4: substances and articles which present no significant hazard
Division 1.5: very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.6: extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard
Compatibility Groups and Classification Codes:-
| Compatibility group | Classification code | Description of substance or articles |
| A | 1.1A | Primary explosive substance |
| B | 1.1B1.2B1.4B | Article containing a primary explosive substance and not containing two or more effective protective features. Some articles, such as detonators for blasting, detonator assemblies for blasting and primers, cap-type, are included even though they do not contain primary explosives. |
| C | 1.1C1.2C1.3C1.4C | Propellant explosive substance or other deflagrating explosive substance or article containing such explosive substance |
| D | 1.1D1.2D1.4D1.5D | Secondary detonating explosive substance or black powder or article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance, in each case without means of initiation and without a propelling charge, or article containing a primary explosive substance and containing two or more effective protective features |
| E | 1.1E1.2E1.4E | Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance, without means of initiation, with a propelling charge (other than one containing a flammable liquid or gel or hypergolic liquids) |
| F | 1.1F1.2F1.3F1.4F | Article containing a secondary detonating explosive substance with its own means of initiation, with a propelling charge (other than one containing a flammable liquid or gel or hypergolic liquids) or without a propelling charge |
| G | 1.1G1.2G1.3G1.4G | Pyrotechnic substance, or article containing a pyrotechnic substance, or article containing both an explosive substance and an illuminating, incendiary, tear- or smoke-producing substance (other than a water-activated article or one containing whitephosphorus, phosphides, a pyrophoric substance, a flammable liquid or gel, or hypergolic liquids) |
| H | 1.2H1.3H | Article containing both an explosive substance and white phosphorus |
| J | 1.1J1.2J1.3J | Article containing both an explosive substance and a flammable liquid or gel |
| K | 1.2K1.3K | Article containing both an explosive substance and a toxic chemical agent |
| L | 1.1L1.2L1.3L | Explosive substance or article containing an explosive substance and presenting a special risk (such as due to water-activation or presence of hypergolic liquids, phosphides or a pyrophoric substance) and needing isolation of each type |
| N | 1.6N | Articles containing only extremely insensitive detonating substances |
| S | 1.4S | Substance or article so packaged or designed that any hazardous effects arising from accidental functioning are confined within the package unless the package has been degraded by fire, in which case all blast or projection effects are limited to the extent that they do not significantly hinder or prohibit fire fighting or other emergency response efforts in the immediate vicinity of the package |
To check whether two explosives are compatible to be stored/transported together the transport regulation has a segregation table as shown below:-
Notes for above table:-
“X” indicates that goods of the corresponding compatibility groups may be stowed in the same compartment, magazine, cargo transport unit or vehicle.
Notes:
Example compatibility check:-
With the above table let us check segregation requirement between below two explosives:-
Segregation between compatibility letters C and G shows X1 and as per note x1 explosive articles of group G ( UN 0191 in this case) may be stowed with explosive articles of group C, D and E provided no explosive substances are loaded in the same container, UN 0161 is a substance hence cannot be loaded with UN 0191.
Applicable sections of IMDG Code for compatibility groups and segregation within explosives please refer to section 2.1.2 & 7.2.7
Stowage and Segregation of Dangerous Goods on General Cargo Ships:
There are four segregation rules for dangerous goods loaded in conventional way on board ships:
Segregation rules between containerized dangerous goods and those loaded in conventional ways are different. Dangerous goods stowed in the conventional way must be segregated from goods transported in closed containers in accordance with segregation provisions showed above except that for “away from” is required, no segregation between the packages and the closed cargo transport units is required; and where “separated from” is required, the segregation between the packages and the closed cargo transport units may be as for “away from”.
Segregation between Bulk dangerous goods and packaged dangerous goods must be in accordance with the table shown in section 7.6.3.5.2 of IMDG Code where all 4 segregation terms have different rules from those listed above.
For full details of the requirements of stowage and segregation of dangerous goods loaded on general cargo ships refer to chapter 7.6 of IMDG Code, individual entries in chapter 3.2 and IMSBC Code as applicable.
IMDG code:- Types of packaging group
Packing groups indicate the level of danger and thus assist in selecting correct type of package for Dangerous Goods
There are three packing groups assigned in IMDG Code as below
Packing group I: substances presenting high danger;
Packing group II: substances presenting medium danger; and
Packing group III: substances presenting low danger
Classes 1, 2, 5.2, 6.2 and 7, and self-reactive substances of class 4.1 are not assigned with packing groups
Let us look at the criteria for assigning packing groups for each of the classes.
Class 1: Explosives – No Packing group assigned
Class 2: Gases – No Packing group assigned
Class 3: Flammable liquids – Flammable liquids are grouped for packing purposes according to their flashpoint, their boiling
point, and their viscosity.
Below table shows the relationship between flashpoint and boiling point
| Flashpoint in °C closed cup (c.c.) | Initial boiling point in °C |
| I II III | – 35 > 35 |
Viscous substances such as paints, enamels, lacquers, varnishes, adhesives and polishes having a flash point of less than 23 °C may be placed in packing group III in conformity with the procedures prescribed in part III, chapter 32.3, of the United Nations Manual of Tests and Criteria on the basis of:
Viscous flammable liquids such as paints, enamels, varnishes, adhesives and polishes with a flash point of less than 23 °C are included in packing group III provided that:
1) Less than 3% of the clear solvent layer separates in the solvent separation test;
2) The mixture or any separated solvent does not meet the criteria for class 6.1 or class 8.
3) The viscosity and flashpoint are in accordance with the following table:
4) The capacity of the receptacle used does not exceed 30 ℓ.
Substances classified as flammable liquids due to their being transported or offered for transport at elevated temperatures are included in packing group III.
Class 4.1 Flammable solids
| Substance | Packing Group | Criteria |
| Readily combustible solids (other than metal powders) | II | If the burning time is less than 45 s and the flame passes the wetted zone |
| Powders of metal or metal alloys | II | if the zone of reaction spreads over the whole length of the sample in five minutes or less |
| Readily combustible solids (other than metal powders) | III | If the burning time is less than 45 s and the wetted zone stops the flame propagation for at leastfour minutes |
| Powders of metal | III | if the reaction spreadsover the whole length of the sample in more than five minutes but not more than ten minutes |
| Solids which may cause fire through friction | packing group shall be assigned by analogy with existing entries or in accordance with any appropriate special provision |
Class 4.2 – Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
Class 4.2 comprises Pyrophoric substances & Self-heating substances
| Substance | Packing Group | Criteria |
| Pyrophoric solids and liquids | I | Always Packing group I |
| Self-heating substances | II | which give a positive result in atest using a 25 mm sample cube at 140 °C |
| Self-heating substances | III | A positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 140 °C and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 °C and thesubstance is to be transported in packages with a volume of more than 3 m3;A positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 140 °C and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 °C, a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 120 °C and the substance is to be transported in packages with a volume of more than 450 ℓ; A positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 140 °C and a negative result is obtained in a test using a 25 mm cube sample at 140 °C and a positive result is obtained in a test using a 100 mm cube sample at 100 °C. |
Class 4.3 – Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
| Packing Group | Criteria |
| I | any substance which reacts vigorously with water atambient temperatures and demonstrates generally a tendency for the gas produced to ignite spontaneously, or which reacts readily with water at ambient temperatures such that the rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 10 litres per kilogram of substance over any one minute. |
| II | any substance which reacts readily with water at ambienttemperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 20 litres per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria for packing group I. |
| III | any substance which reacts slowly with water at ambienttemperatures such that the maximum rate of evolution of flammable gas is equal to or greater than 1 litre per kilogram of substance per hour, and which does not meet the criteria forpacking groups I or II. |
Class 5.1 – Oxidizing substances
| Packing Group | Criteria |
| I | any substance which, in the 1:1 mixture (by mass) of substance andcellulose tested, spontaneously ignites; or the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of substance and cellulose is less than that of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of 50% perchloric acid and cellulose; |
| II | Packing group II: any substance which, in the 1:1 mixture (by mass) of substance and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of 40% aqueous sodium chlorate solutionand cellulose; and the criteria for packing group I are not met; |
| III | any substance which, in the 1:1 mixture (by mass) of substance and cellulose tested, exhibits a mean pressure rise time less than or equal to the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of 65% aqueous nitric acid and cellulose; and the criteria for packing groups I and II are not met; |
| Not Classified as 5.1 | any substance which, in the 1:1 mixture (by mass) ofsubstance and cellulose tested, exhibits a pressure rise of less than 2070 kPa gauge; or exhibits a mean pressure rise time greater than the mean pressure rise time of a 1:1 mixture (by mass) of 65% aqueous nitric acid and cellulose. |
Class 5.2 – Organic peroxides
No Packing group assigned
Class 6.1 – Toxic substances
Grouping criteria for administration through oral ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation of dusts and mists
Tear gas substances shall be included in packing group II even if their toxicity data correspond to packing group III values.
Liquids having toxic vapours:
Liquids having toxic vapours shall be assigned to the following packing groups, where “V” is the saturated vapour concentration in mℓ/m3 air at 20 °C and standard atmospheric pressure:
Packing group I: If V ≥ 10 LC50 and LC50 ≤ 1,000 mℓ/m3.
Packing group II: If V ≥ LC50 and LC50 ≤ 3,000 mℓ/m3, and do not meet the criteria for packing group I.
Packing group III: If V ≥ 5/1 LC50 and LC50 ≤ 5,000 mℓ/m3, and do not meet the criteria for packing groups I or II.
Tear gas substances shall be included in packing group II even if their toxicity data correspond to packing group III values.
Class 6.2 – Infectious substances
No Packing group assigned
Class 7 – Radioactive material
No Packing group assigned
Class 8 – Corrosive substances
| Packing Group | Criteria |
| I | substances that cause full thickness destruction of intactskin tissue within an observation period of up to 60 minutes starting after an exposure time of 3 minutes or less |
| II | substances that cause full thickness destruction of intactskin tissue within an observation period of up to 14 days starting after an exposure time of more than 3 but not more than 60 minutes. |
| III | cause full thickness destruction of intact skin tissue within an observation period of up to 14 days starting after an exposure time of more than 60 minutes but not more than 4 hours; orare judged not to cause full thickness destruction of intact skin tissue but which exhibit a corrosion rate on either steel or aluminium surfaces exceeding 6.25 mm a year at a test temperature of 55 °C when tested on both materials. |
Class 9 – Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles and environmentally hazardous substances
Some are assigned to Packing Group II and some to III.
Test methods for determining packing groups for each class are published in United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods-Manual of Tests and Criteria, as amended.
