Search the Knowledge Hub
Advanced search 
Search with a keyword and use filters to narrow your search. Or, browse content by leaving the keyword blank and selecting filters.
These filters are applicable to case studies
Filter by Clear
Case Studies Only
1407 results found
Featured results
Infrastructure Monitor
Infrastructure Monitor is the GI Hub’s flagship report on the state of investment in infrastructure. The 2021 report examines global private investment in infrastructure projects, infrastructure investment performance, project preparation, ESG factors in infrastructure investment, and COVID-19 impacts.
More results
Given its share of greenhouse gas emissions, infrastructure needs to be decarbonised as part of the long-term transition to net zero and the limitation of global warming to 1.5%.
Infrastructure Monitor is the GI Hub’s annual flagship report on the state of investment in infrastructure.
Belo Horizonte faced a shortage of school buildings and only had the resources to meet approximately 35% of demand. A bundling public-private partnership (PPP) approach was used to finance, build, and equip new schools, with non-academic services operated under a PPP with a 20-year concession period.
Sydney Metro Northwest is Australia’s first fully automated driverless metro railway. A 36 km link servicing Sydney’s north-west, it includes eight new railway stations and an upgrade to five existing stations. The Operations, Trains and Systems (OTS) component of the project was delivered under a PPP contract.
In 2012, the Hong Kong SAR Government proposed to construct a new 12-storey, circa 59,000 m 2 hospital in Tin Shui Wai to meet a growing demand for health services. The hospital was a complex project owing to the relatively tight timeframe, and modifications that evolved from the specialised user requirements.
Ohio State University’s energy efficiency program aimed to modernise the 490-building campus. OSU entered into a concession agreement with Ohio State Energy Partners (OSEP), which provided a USD1.165 billion up-front lease payment to handle the university’s energy management and a network expansion over a 50-year concession period.
Grand Paris Express is a metro rail project being delivered by Société du Grand Paris (SGP) that will expand the Paris Metro network to approximately double its size.
Sadek Wahba explores four infrastructure related themes that were re-affirmed at COP26 to deliver on a net zero future
The recording is now available for the GI Hub and International Finance Corporation (IFC) webinar ‘Infrastructure for the recovery: Innovation for de-risking greenfield investment’, the third in the series New Deals: Funding solutions for the future of infrastructure.
Infrastructure Monitor 2021
The GI Hub’s annual flagship report on the state of investment in infrastructure
Explore infrastructure stimulus and its outcomes in our newest resource: Transformative Outcomes Through Infrastructure
Improving Delivery Models
Address common challenges in infrastructure delivery
Upcoming Events
Latest from the GI Hub
Featured
Articles
Articles
Knowledge resources
View more in our Knowledge Hub
Our Knowledge Hub is a library of resources from the GI Hub and other organisations across the infrastructure ecosystem.
Our connection with the G20
The GI Hub is a not-for-profit organisation created by the Group of Twenty (G20) to advance its infrastructure agenda.
The G20 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation, bringing together the leaders of developed and developing countries from every continent. Collectively, G20 members represent around 80% of the world’s economic output, two-thirds of global population, and three quarters of international trade. Representatives from G20 countries gather multiple times each year to discuss financial and socioeconomic issues.
The GI Hub participates in relevant G20 forums and discussions related to infrastructure, and delivers work contributing to the G20 infrastructure agenda.
The GI Hub is a not-for-profit organisation created by the Group of Twenty (G20) to advance its infrastructure agenda.
The G20 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation, bringing together the leaders of developed and developing countries from every continent. Collectively, G20 members represent around 80% of the world’s economic output, two-thirds of global population, and three quarters of international trade. Representatives from G20 countries gather multiple times each year to discuss financial and socioeconomic issues.
The GI Hub participates in relevant G20 forums and discussions related to infrastructure, and delivers work contributing to the G20 infrastructure agenda.
Infrastructure Monitor 2021
The GI Hub’s annual flagship report on the state of investment in infrastructure
Explore infrastructure stimulus and its outcomes in our newest resource: Transformative Outcomes Through Infrastructure
Improving Delivery Models
Address common challenges in infrastructure delivery
Upcoming Events
Latest from the GI Hub
Featured
Articles
Articles
Knowledge resources
View more in our Knowledge Hub
Our Knowledge Hub is a library of resources from the GI Hub and other organisations across the infrastructure ecosystem.
Our connection with the G20
The GI Hub is a not-for-profit organisation created by the Group of Twenty (G20) to advance its infrastructure agenda.
The G20 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation, bringing together the leaders of developed and developing countries from every continent. Collectively, G20 members represent around 80% of the world’s economic output, two-thirds of global population, and three quarters of international trade. Representatives from G20 countries gather multiple times each year to discuss financial and socioeconomic issues.
The GI Hub participates in relevant G20 forums and discussions related to infrastructure, and delivers work contributing to the G20 infrastructure agenda.
The GI Hub is a not-for-profit organisation created by the Group of Twenty (G20) to advance its infrastructure agenda.
The G20 is the premier forum for international economic cooperation, bringing together the leaders of developed and developing countries from every continent. Collectively, G20 members represent around 80% of the world’s economic output, two-thirds of global population, and three quarters of international trade. Representatives from G20 countries gather multiple times each year to discuss financial and socioeconomic issues.
The GI Hub participates in relevant G20 forums and discussions related to infrastructure, and delivers work contributing to the G20 infrastructure agenda.
ЕАБР и Глобальный инфраструктурный хаб (Сингапур) подписали Меморандум о взаимопонимании
Сингапур, 25 мая 2017 года – Евразийский банк развития (ЕАБР) и Глобальный инфраструктурный хаб (ГИХ, Global Infrastructure Hub) подписали Меморандум о взаимопонимании между ЕАБР и ГИХ. Подписи под документом поставили: со стороны ЕАБР — председатель Правления Дмитрий Панкин, со стороны ГИХ — генеральный директор Кристофер Хиткот.
Церемония подписания состоялась в Сингапуре на полях саммита Глобальной инфраструктурной инициативы (Global Infrastructure Initiative), посвященного инновациям в области глобальной инфраструктуры.
Меморандум предусматривает сотрудничество институтов в области обмена информацией об инфраструктурных проектах и их финансировании правительствами, международными организациями, банками развития и частным сектором, а также обмена передовым опытом в сфере финансирования инфраструктурных проектов, проведения аналитических, исследовательских и информационных мероприятий.
Целью хаба является создание условий, способствующих увеличению государственных и частных инвестиций в качественные инфраструктурные проекты путем обеспечения взаимодействия между правительствами разных стран, частным сектором, инвесторами, национальными, региональными и многосторонними банками развития, международными организациями и другими заинтересованными сторонами.
Евразийский банк развития (ЕАБР) является международной финансовой организацией, учрежденной Россией и Казахстаном в январе 2006 года с целью содействия развитию рыночной экономики государств-участников, их устойчивому экономическому росту и расширению взаимных торгово-экономических связей. Уставный капитал ЕАБР составляет 7 млрд долл. Государствами — участниками Банка являются Республика Армения, Республика Беларусь, Республика Казахстан, Кыргызская Республика, Российская Федерация и Республика Таджикистан.
Infrastructure Monitor
Infrastructure Monitor is the GI Hub’s annual flagship report on the state of investment in infrastructure
The report provides in-depth analysis of global infrastructure themes to allow monitoring of private investment in infrastructure and infrastructure investment performance. Through its analysis of data aggregated from across leading infrastructure databases, it presents findings and insights that help policymakers, investors, and others steer a course toward more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive infrastructure.
In addition to the report, Infrastructure Monitor is a live tool that offers ongoing analysis of infrastructure trends through a series of data insights and policy articles here, on this website.
Infrastructure Monitor 2021
Executive summary
Infrastructure Monitor 2021 provides in-depth analysis of global private investment in infrastructure projects across regions, country income groups, and infrastructure sectors, and examines infrastructure investment performance. The 2021 edition also introduces reporting on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in infrastructure investment as well as project preparation and COVID-19 impacts. For this edition, we aggregated data from a significant number of leading databases covering private sector investment in developing and developed economies.
Private investment in infrastructure
Mobilising private capital is key to closing the infrastructure financing gap and has become even more critical as the COVID-19 pandemic limits the investment capacity of governments. This section analyses private investment in infrastructure projects in primary markets.
Key takeaway: Private investment in infrastructure projects in primary markets is not increasing, but it weathered the pandemic shocks. The private investment gap between high-income countries and others persisted in 2020, and overall private investment in infrastructure projects remains insufficient to close the infrastructure gap.
Infrastructure investment performance
The performance track record of infrastructure investments is a necessary input for attracting private capital and establishing infrastructure as an asset class. This section summarises the financial performance of global infrastructure equities (listed and unlisted) and infrastructure debt.
Key takeaway: In the last decade, returns for both listed and unlisted infrastructure equities have strongly increased. Although his trend stalled briefly during the pandemic, returns quickly bounced back. Historically, unlisted infrastructure equities have provided higher risk-adjusted returns than global equities and listed infrastructure equities. Infrastructure debt?consistently performs better than non-infrastructure debt worldwide, although the full impacts of the pandemic and subsequent economic fallout remain to be seen.
Infrastructure project preparation
The major bottleneck in attracting private capital within infrastructure is the lack of bankable and investment-ready pipelines of infrastructure projects, which requires a strengthening of project preparation capabilities. This section attempts to explore the channeling of funds to emerging economies to improve project preparation through the lenses of Project Preparation Facilities (PPFs).
Key takeaway: Infrastructure project preparation needs improvement worldwide, and especially in low-income countries. PPFs are providing technical and funding support for project preparation mainly in developing countries.
Environmental, social, and governance factors in infrastructure
ESG factors are important for private investors in managing risk and return and are particularly important for infrastructure investment, given that infrastructure requires significant up-front investment in long-term assets that could become stranded. This section assesses infrastructure investments and performance as they relate to ESG factors.
Key takeaway: Companies investing in infrastructure are incorporating ESG factors better than other companies. Preliminary evidence shows superior performance for sustainable investments versus the overall infrastructure sector.
Key findings
Private investment in infrastructure
1. Private investment in infrastructure projects in primary markets is not increasing, but it weathered the pandemic shocks.
Private investment in infrastructure projects has been stagnant for seven years running. However, while some other sectors of the economy were significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, private investment in infrastructure projects remained resilient to pandemic shocks.
Pandemic-related lockdowns and restrictions in 2020 negatively impacted investments in the transport and energy sectors, while pandemic control and online activities increased investment in the social and telecommunications sectors.
2. Overall private investment in infrastructure projects remains insufficient to close the infrastructure gap.
Private investment in infrastructure projects in 2020 was USD156 billion. At just 0.2% of global GDP, this is far shy of the 5% of global GDP (combining public and private investment) that some studies have indicated is required to close the infrastructure gap. It also pales in comparison to the USD3.2 trillion of public investment in infrastructure stimulus that has been announced by G20 governments in response to the COVID-19 crisis.
3. There are significant differences in private investment in infrastructure when comparing high-income countries and others.
4. There is a strong appetite for renewable energy.
In 2020, investors showed a strong appetite for renewable energy generation. In fact, the sector attracted the largest share of total private investment in infrastructure projects at almost 50% – mostly in wind and solar projects.
5. Private investment in infrastructure projects is mainly financed by loans from financial service institutions, but debt capital markets are increasing.
Financial service providers, primarily commercial and investment banks, finance the largest share of the investment across all regions. About 80% of private investment in infrastructure projects is financed by debt. While loans represent 87% of debt financing, projects in developed economies are increasingly using debt capital markets. In particular, financing through green bonds rose in recent years, particularly in high-income countries.
6. In middle- and low-income countries, development banks play an important role as financiers, and export credit agencies are playing an increasing role.
In middle- and low-income countries, non-private institutions like multilateral development banks (MDBs), export credit agencies (ECAs), governments, and others play a significant role as financiers. In fact, 75% of private investment in infrastructure projects in those markets occurs in projects that involve both private sector and non-private sector financing.
Infrastructure investment performance
1. In the last decade, returns for both listed and unlisted infrastructure equities have strongly increased.
The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily stalled this trend in 2020, but it resumed in 2021.
2. Historically, unlisted infrastructure equities have provided higher risk-adjusted returns than global equities and listed infrastructure equities.
Although global equities perform better on a short-term basis, unlisted infrastructure equities generate the highest returns historically. This remains true when historic returns are considered on a risk-adjusted basis.
3. Infrastructure debt consistently performs better than non-infrastructure debt worldwide.
Infrastructure debt performs better in high-income countries than in middle- and low-income countries, but better than non-infrastructure debt in all countries.
Infrastructure project preparation
1. The lack of bankable and investment-ready pipelines of infrastructure projects is often considered the key bottleneck in mobilising private capital for infrastructure investments.
Infrastructure project preparation has substantial scope for improvement across all regions. Project preparation is a dimension that can be improved across all regions and income groups, and improvement could make an even larger difference in low-income countries.
2. PPFs are providing technical and funding support for project preparation mainly in developing countries.
PPFs are mostly being led by MDBs, and are actively providing support in lower-income countries, mostly in economic infrastructure sectors like energy, transport, and water.
ESG factors in infrastructure
1. Companies investing in infrastructure are incorporating ESG factors better than other companies.
Environmental factors (particularly climate-related factors) are the largest and most common ESG concern, whereas social and governance dimensions are less assessed.
2. Green, private investment in infrastructure projects has been increasing.
Since 2014, green private investment in infrastructure projects has been rising, mostly in the renewables sector, and now represents half of all private investment in infrastructure globally. Yet, significant effort is required to drive investment to levels that will help reach global climate targets.
3. Preliminary evidence shows sustainable investments perform better than the overall infrastructure sector.
Evidence of the relationship between ESG impact and financial performance is scarce. However, preliminary evidence shows that in the last 10 years, wind and solar equities have generated a higher return than listed and unlisted infrastructure equities.
